Compulsory notification of injuries in aesthetic procedures. Impact on patient safety

Abstract The disparity between the number of aesthetic procedures performed worldwide, and the complications described in the literature is remarkable. Doubts regarding the underreporting are reasonable and should be considered. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the scarcity of scientific publications on complications in aesthetic procedures compared to the abundance of these procedures performed worldwide. Based on this knowledge, it will be demonstrated to the health authorities the importance of compulsory notification of complications in aesthetic procedures that require medical attention so that the available data will allow their prevention. The limitation of knowledge regarding complications was demonstrated in the data collection for the preparation of the thesis ‟Deaths Related to Liposuction in Brazil" presented in 2018 and published in Surgical and Cosmetical Dermatology in 2020. The definition of complication in aesthetic procedures needs to be objective to prevent different and subjective interpretations. With the compulsory notification of complications in aesthetic procedures, it is intended to learn about their causes to develop guidelines for their prevention.

Rosettes in T-cell pseudolymphoma: a new dermoscopic finding

Abstract Rosettes are small white structures visible with polarized light dermoscopy, whose exact morphological correlation is not yet defined. These small shiny structures are found in several conditions such as scarring, dermatofibroma, molluscum contagiosum, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, melanoma, melanocytic nevus, discoid lupus erythematosus, and papulopustular rosacea. In this novel report, the authors describe the presence of rosettes in a T-cell pseudolymphoma lesion.

Consensus on the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa - Brazilian Society of Dermatology

Abstract: Hidradenitis suppurativa is a chronic immune mediated disease of universal distribution that causes great damage to the quality of life of the affected individual, whose prevalence is estimated at 0.41% in the Brazilian population. The objective of this work was update on physiopathogenesis, diagnosis and classification of hidradenitis suppurativa and to establish therapeutic recommendations in the Brazilian reality. It was organized as a work group composed of eight dermatologists from several institutions of the country with experience in the treatment of hidradenitis suppurativa and carried out review on the topic. Recommendations were elaborated and voted by modified Delphi system and statistical analysis of the results was performed. The Brazilian consensus on the clinical approach of hidradenitis suppurativa had the support of the Brazilian Society of Dermatology.

Reconstrução da hélice da orelha sem triângulo de compensação / Ear's helix reconstruction without the compensation triangle

Os cânceres da pele na região da cabeça e do pescoço correspondem a 70-75% dos tumores cutâneos malignos, e, destes, 80% são do tipo carcinoma basocelular. O pavilhão auricular é a localização dos tumores cutâneos malignos em percentual que varia de três a 6% dos casos. Relatamos técnica alternativa para reconstrução da hélice após exérese de tumores sem a utilização do triângulo de compensação clássico, de modo a proporcionar cicatriz na dobra da hélice, com melhor resultado estético, sem retrações inestéticas ou cicatrizes transversais à hélice.

Skin cancers in the head and neck region account for 70-75% of malignant cutaneous tumors, of which 80% are basal cell carcinomas. Between 3-6% of malignant cutaneous tumors occur in the auricular pavilion. The authors of the present paper report an alternative technique for reconstructing the ear helix after excision of tumors, without the use of the classic compensation triangle. This method allows that the scar be located in the helical sulcus, resulting in a better aesthetic result, without unaesthetic retractions or scars located transversely to the helix.

A case of pigmented Bowen's disease

ABSTRACT Pigmented Bowen's disease is a rare subtype of Bowen's disease. Clinically it presents as a slow-growing, well-defined, hyperpigmented plaque, and should be included as a differential diagnosis of other pigmented lesions. The authors describe a challenging case of pigmented Bowen's disease with non-diagnostic dermscopy findings.

Polypoid melanoma and superficial spreading melanoma different subtypes in the same lesion

Melanoma is a malignant melanocytic neoplasm with high mortality rate, and steadily and universally increasing incidence rates. Polypoid melanoma is considered an exophytic variant of the nodular subtype. The incidence of polypoid melanoma is extremely variable, most likely because of the different criteria used for its characterization. We presented a rare case of polypoid melanoma and superficial spreading melanoma in the same lesion.

Case report: dermoscopic and histological aspects of skin graft and perigraft hyperpigmentation in acral location

Little is known about the use of dermoscopy in skin grafting. We describe the case of a patient with skin grafting and surrounding pigmentation on acral region. The dermoscopic findings were similar to those of benign acral lesions (lattice-like pattern) and reactive pigmentations (fine striae). Histopathology revealed pigment leakage and increased number of melanocytes. It is believed that this phenomenon occured as the result of an inflammatory stimulus.

Dysplastic nevus associated with seborrheic keratosis

Seborrheic keratosis is a common skin lesion which may coincidentally be associated melanocytic nevi. The authors describe a case of dysplastic nevus associated with seborrheic keratosis and discuss the clinical, dermoscopic, and histological findings of this association. They also discuss the association between seborrheic keratosis and other benign and malignant tumours.

Melanoma developed during pregnancy - A case report

We describe a case of plantar interdigital cutaneous melanoma in a 22-year-old woman who reported changes in a pigmented lesion during pregnancy. Diagnosis was late and evolution unfavourable. The purpose of this report is to draw the attention of dermatologists to the need for careful regular examination of melanocytic lesions in pregnant women, not ignoring possible changes as always physiological.

Avaliação de hiperpigmentação em cicatrizes de melanomas e nevos melanocíticos através da microscopia confocal / Evaluation of hyperpigmentation in melanomas and melanocytic nevi scars through confocal microscopy

Introdução: A microscopia confocal in vivo é método diagnóstico não invasivo auxiliar no diagnóstico de lesões hiperpigmentadas em cicatrizes. Objetivos: Avaliar através do exame de microscopia confocal a hiperpigmentação em cicatrizes de lesões melanocíticas benignas e malignas. Métodos: Avaliamos imagens clínicas, dermatoscópicas e de microscopia confocal de 14 pacientes com hiperpigmentação em cicatrizes de melanomas adequadamente tratados e nevos melanocíticos excisados. Resultados: Dos oito pacientes com hiperpigmentação em cicatrizes de melanomas, quatro não apresentaram estruturas suspeitas ao exame de microscopia confocal, e quatro apresentaram estruturas suspeitas. Entre os seis pacientes com hiperpigmentação em área de cicatriz de nevo melanocítico excisado, três apresentavam estruturas atípicas, como células dendríticas e papilas não demarcadas. Os pacientes com estruturas suspeitas realizaram exame histológico, e em um caso de hiperpigmentação em cicatriz de lentigo maligno foi evidenciado recidiva. Conclusões: O exame permitiu evitar a biópsia para confirmação diagnóstica em seis dos 14 pacientes avaliados. O achado de células com padrão dendrítico ou pagetoide no exame de microscopia confocal é um desafio diagnóstico, pois pode representar melanócitos ou células de Langerhans na camada espinhosa. Portanto, lesões que apresentam tais estruturas devem ser removidas para exame histológico e diagnóstico diferencial.

Introduction: In vivo confocal microscopy is an auxiliary non-invasive diagnostic method used in the diagnosis of hyperpigmented lesions in scars. Objectives: To evaluate hyperpigmentation in the scars of benign and malignant melanocytic lesions through confocal microscopy examination. Methods: Clinical, dermoscopic, and confocal microscopy images of fourteen patients with hyperpigmentation in adequately treated melanoma scars and in excised melanocytic nevi, were evaluated. Results: Among the eight patients with hyperpigmentation in melanoma scars, four showed no suspicious structures after confocal microscopy examination and four showed suspicious structures. Among the six patients with hyperpigmentation in areas where melanocytic nevi had been excised, three had atypical structures, such as dendritic cells and non demarcated papillae. Patients with suspicious structures underwent histological examination, with one case of hyperpigmentation in a lentigo maligna scar evidencing recurrence. Conclusions: The examination method allowed for the avoiding of biopsy in confirming the diagnosis in six of the fourteen patients. The finding of cells with dendritic or pagetoid pattern in the confocal microscopy examination means a diagnostic challenge, for it can indicate melanocytes or Langerhans cells in the spinous layer. Therefore, lesions that have such structures must be removed for histology and differential diagnosis.

Inovação na correção estética dos retalhos cutâneos nasais / Innovation in aesthetic correction of nasal skin flaps

Os retalhos são muito utilizados na reconstrução cirúrgica da região nasal. Durante o pósoperatório desses pacientes habitualmente observa-se desnível da cicatriz em relação à pele vizinha, gerando insatisfação estética. Tal queixa frequentemente se mantém mesmo com a abrasão preconizada pela literatura entre 30 e 60 dias após o procedimento. Propõese associação de exereses tangenciais com lâmina de barbear (shavings) de toda a área do retalho até o aplainamento em relação à vizinhança, seguida de dermabrasão para refinamento de irregularidades ainda existentes. Os resultados são excelentes, tornando as cicatrizes menos perceptíveis, fato muito satisfatório em se tratando de área tão importante estética e socialmente

Flaps are widely used in the surgical reconstruction of the nasal region. During the post-operative period, an unattractive depressed scar in relation to the nearby skin can be observed. Even after abrasion ­ which the literature recommends 30-60 days after the procedure ­ this complaint often persists. This study proposes tangential excisions with a razor blade (shaving) of the flap's entire area until it is level with the surrounding region, followed by dermabrasion to refine any remaining irregularities. The results are deemed excellent since the scars become less noticeable ­ a very satisfactory outcome due to the aesthetic and social importance of the treated area.

Dermoscopy of Bowen's disease: pigmented variant on the penis / Dermatoscopia da doença de Bowen: variante pigmentada no pênis

Pigmented Bowen's disease (PBD) is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma in situ and represents less than 2% of cases of Bowen's disease. It is characterized by a sharply demarcated, pigmented plaque with a scaly or crusted surface on intertriginous and genital areas. The authors describe a case of PBD on the penis and analyze the dermoscopic aspects of this type of lesion.

A doença de Bowen Pigmentada (DBP) é uma variante do carcinoma espinocelular in situ e compreende menos de 2% dos casos da Doença de Bowen. Apresenta-se como placa pigmentada, hiperqueratósica, delimitada, localizada em áreas intertriginosas e anogenital. Os autores descrevem um caso de DBP no pênis e abordam os aspectos dermatoscópicos dessa lesão.

Case for diagnosis / Caso para diagnóstico

Infantile digital fibromatosis or Reye's tumor is a benign fibroproliferative tumor, the etiopathogenesis of which has yet to be fully clarified. It typically presents at birth or in the first year of life and is characterized by a firm, flesh colored or erythematous nodule or nodules located on the digits. These lesions tend to regress spontaneously.

A fibromatose digital infantil ou tumor de Reye é um tumor fibroso benigno de etiologia desconhecida, presente ao nascimento ou com aparecimento no primeiro ano de vida. Caracteriza-se por nódulos firmes, únicos ou múltiplos, normocrômicos ou eritematosos, localizados nas falanges, com tendência à regressão espontânea.

Detecção de melanomas pequenos / Detection of small melanomas

Relatamos 4 casos clínicos de melanomas pequenos detectados pela dermatoscopia associada aos dados clínicos e à fotografia corporal total com monitoramento sistemático. Nos melanomas pequenos nem sempre os achados dermatoscópicos isoladamente, são suficientes para a correta indicação da biópsia excisional para exame anátomo-patológico.

Four clinical cases of small melanomas detected by dermoscopy associated with clinical data and total body photographs with systematic monitoring are described. In small melanomas, dermatoscopic findings alone are not always sufficient to correctly indicate the excisional biopsies used in anatomical-pathological examinations.

Diagnóstico do tumor glômico pela dermatoscopia do leito e da matriz ungueal / Diagnosis of glomus tumor by nail bed and matrix dermoscopy

A cirurgia é o tratamento definitivo para os tumores glômicos. Algumas vezes, esse procedimento pode representar um desafio, pois, apesar de ser um tumor bem delimitado, a sua visualização pode ser difícil. O uso da dermatoscopia do leito e da matriz ungueal facilita o diagnóstico e auxilia a localização e delimitação do tumor. Trata-se de método simples e de baixo custo que não implica risco adicional ao paciente que irá se submeter a um procedimento cirúrgico.

Surgery is the best treatment for glomus tumors. Sometimes this can be a challenging procedure because, despite being a well-defined tumor, its visualization can be difficult. The use of nail bed and matrix dermoscopy facilitates the diagnosis and aids in the localization and demarcation of the tumor. It is a simple and low-cost procedure that does not involve additional risks to the patient who will undergo surgery.

Aspectos dermatoscópicos na psoríase ungueal / Dermoscopy in nail psoriasis

Os autores relatam sua experiência no uso da dermatoscopia na psoríase ungueal e descrevem os achados dessa ferramenta diagnóstica.

The authors report on their experience with the use of dermoscopy in nail psoriasis and describe their findings with this diagnostic tool.

Dificuldade diagnóstica e mau prognóstico associados à regressão de melanoma cutâneo primário / Difficulty in the diagnosis and bad prognosis associated with the regression of primary cutaneous melanoma

O melanoma cutâneo primário em regressão (melanoma em regressão) espontânea parcial é frequente, porém a regressão completa é rara. O diagnóstico é difícil, principalmente na regressão completa. Relatam-se três casos de melanoma em regressão nos quais a biópsia inicial não revelou melanoma, e o diagnóstico foi obtido pelas metástases. Não há consenso sobre o significado prognóstico da regressão. Nos casos descritos, o melanoma em regressão associou-se a pior prognóstico, pela própria característica do tumor ou dificuldade no diagnóstico precoce e estadiamento. Conclui-se que a regressão no melanoma primário pode conferir maior dificuldade ao diagnóstico e estadiamento, com consequente pior prognóstico. Deve-se indicar biópsia excisional de lesão suspeita sempre que possível.

The partial regression of cutaneous melanoma is a frequent event. Nevertheless, complete regression is a rare and difficult to diagnose condition.We report three cases of regressed cutaneous melanoma (RCM) whose initial biopsies did not reveal melanoma and in which the diagnosis was based on the presence of metastasis. There is no consensus about the prognosis of RCMs. Some authors relate a higher prevalence of metastasis, coinciding with our cases' outcomes, where the RCM had the worst prognosis due to the tumors' aggressiveness or to the difficulty in establishing an early diagnosis and staging. We have concluded that the regression of melanoma complicates the diagnosis, staging and formulation of a worst-case scenario prognosis. Excisional biopsy should always be the first choice.